Microkernel architecture is a software design approach that minimizes the core functionality of an operating system. In this model, the microkernel handles only essential services such as communication, memory management, and process scheduling. Other services, like device drivers and file systems, run in user space as separate processes. This separation enhances system stability and security, as a failure in one service does not affect the entire system. By isolating components, microkernel architecture allows for easier updates and maintenance. It also promotes flexibility, enabling developers to add or modify services without altering the core kernel. Examples of microkernel-based systems include MINIX and QNX, which demonstrate the advantages of this architecture in various applications.