Microbial taxonomy is the science of classifying and naming microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. This classification helps scientists understand the relationships between different microbial species and their roles in ecosystems. Taxonomy is based on various criteria, such as genetic, morphological, and biochemical characteristics. The primary goal of microbial taxonomy is to create a systematic framework that organizes these organisms into groups, known as taxa. This framework aids in identifying new species and understanding their evolutionary history. Tools like DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis are commonly used to refine microbial classifications and improve our knowledge of microbial diversity.