Microbial structures refer to the physical components that make up microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. These structures include cell walls, membranes, and organelles, which play crucial roles in the survival and function of the microbes. For example, the cell wall provides shape and protection, while the cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. In addition to these basic components, some microbes have specialized structures like flagella for movement or pili for attachment to surfaces. Understanding these structures helps scientists study how microbes interact with their environments and each other, which is essential for fields like microbiology and medicine.