A biofilm is a thin layer of microorganisms, such as bacteria, that adhere to surfaces in a moist environment. These microorganisms produce a sticky substance that helps them stick together and to surfaces, forming a protective layer. Biofilms can develop on various surfaces, including natural environments like rivers and lakes, as well as man-made structures like pipes and medical devices. Biofilms play a significant role in ecosystems, contributing to nutrient cycling and water purification. However, they can also pose challenges in healthcare settings, as they can lead to persistent infections and reduce the effectiveness of antibiotics. Understanding biofilms is essential for managing their impact in both natural and artificial environments.