Michael IX Palaeologus was a Byzantine Emperor who reigned from 1294 to 1320. He was the son of Andronikos II Palaeologus and became co-emperor in 1294. His reign was marked by efforts to stabilize the Byzantine Empire, which was facing internal strife and external threats. Michael IX is known for his military campaigns against the Ottoman Turks and his attempts to strengthen the empire's defenses. He also played a role in the political and cultural life of Constantinople, promoting the arts and education during a time of decline for the Byzantine Empire.