The Mexican War of Reform (1857-1861) was a civil conflict in Mexico primarily between liberals and conservatives. The liberals, led by figures like Benito Juárez, sought to reduce the power of the Catholic Church and promote secular governance, while conservatives aimed to maintain traditional structures and the church's influence. The war resulted in significant changes to Mexican society, including the implementation of the Reform Laws, which aimed to modernize the country. Ultimately, the conflict set the stage for future political struggles and the eventual emergence of a more centralized and secular Mexican state.