Methane is a colorless, odorless gas that is the simplest hydrocarbon, consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms (CH₄). It is a primary component of natural gas and is produced through both natural processes, such as the decomposition of organic matter, and human activities, including agriculture and fossil fuel extraction. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, with a much higher heat-trapping ability than carbon dioxide over a short time frame. It plays a significant role in climate change, making its management and reduction important for environmental sustainability. Methane can also be used as a fuel source for heating and electricity generation.