Metabolic engineering is a scientific discipline that focuses on modifying the metabolic pathways of organisms, such as bacteria, yeast, or plants. By altering these pathways, researchers aim to enhance the production of specific substances, like biofuels, pharmaceuticals, or food ingredients. This process often involves techniques from genetics and biochemistry to optimize the organism's ability to produce desired compounds. The field has significant applications in various industries, including agriculture and biotechnology. For instance, genetic engineering tools like CRISPR can be used to create organisms that are more efficient at converting raw materials into valuable products. This innovation can lead to more sustainable practices and reduced environmental impact.