Metabolic bone diseases are conditions that affect the strength and structure of bones due to abnormalities in the metabolism of minerals like calcium and phosphorus. Common examples include osteoporosis, where bones become weak and brittle, and osteomalacia, characterized by softening of the bones. These diseases can lead to an increased risk of fractures and other complications. The causes of metabolic bone diseases can vary, including nutritional deficiencies, hormonal imbalances, and certain medical conditions. Diagnosis often involves blood tests, imaging studies, and bone density assessments. Treatment may include dietary changes, medications, and lifestyle modifications to improve bone health.