Osteomalacia is a condition characterized by the softening of bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. This leads to inadequate mineralization of the bone matrix, resulting in weakened bones that can cause pain and increase the risk of fractures. It is often seen in adults and can be caused by various factors, including poor diet, certain medical conditions, or lack of sunlight exposure. Symptoms of osteomalacia may include bone pain, muscle weakness, and difficulty walking. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to check levels of vitamin D and minerals, as well as imaging studies like X-rays. Treatment usually focuses on replenishing vitamin D and calcium levels through supplements and dietary changes.