The Messenian Wars were a series of conflicts between the city-state of Sparta and the region of Messenia in ancient Greece. The first war began around 743 BCE and lasted for about 20 years, resulting in the subjugation of the Messenian people and the annexation of their land by Sparta. This conflict was primarily driven by Sparta's need for agricultural land and resources. The second Messenian War occurred around 685 BCE and lasted for about 11 years. It was sparked by Messenian resistance against Spartan rule. Despite initial successes, the Messenian forces were ultimately defeated, leading to further Spartan control over the region and the establishment of a harsh system of governance over the conquered Messenians.