Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that primarily affects the lining of the lungs, known as the pleura, but can also occur in the lining of the abdomen or heart. It is most commonly caused by exposure to asbestos, a naturally occurring mineral that was widely used in construction and manufacturing until its health risks became known. Symptoms of mesothelioma may include chest pain, shortness of breath, and persistent cough. Due to its long latency period, symptoms often do not appear until many years after exposure to asbestos. Early diagnosis is challenging, and treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.