Merit-based programs are initiatives that reward individuals based on their abilities, achievements, or performance rather than on other factors like background or connections. These programs are commonly found in education, employment, and scholarships, where candidates are evaluated through standardized tests, grades, or specific skills. The goal of merit-based programs is to promote fairness and encourage excellence by providing opportunities to those who demonstrate the highest levels of capability. Examples include academic scholarships, job promotions, and grants that prioritize candidates with outstanding qualifications and accomplishments.