MergeSort is a popular sorting algorithm that follows the divide and conquer paradigm. It works by recursively splitting an array into smaller subarrays until each subarray contains a single element, which is inherently sorted. Then, it merges these subarrays back together in a sorted manner, ensuring that the final output is a fully sorted array. This algorithm is particularly efficient for large datasets, with a time complexity of O(n log n) in the average and worst cases. MergeSort is stable, meaning that it maintains the relative order of equal elements, making it a preferred choice in many applications, especially when dealing with linked lists or external sorting.