Mercury(II) chloride, also known as mercuric chloride, is a chemical compound with the formula HgCl2. It appears as a white crystalline solid and is highly soluble in water. This compound is known for its toxicity and has been used historically in various applications, including as a disinfectant and in the production of other mercury compounds. In addition to its industrial uses, mercury(II) chloride has been employed in laboratories for chemical synthesis and as a reagent. Due to its hazardous nature, proper safety precautions are essential when handling this substance to prevent exposure and environmental contamination.