Mental retardation, now more commonly referred to as intellectual disability, is a developmental condition characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. This means that individuals may have challenges with learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and daily living skills. The condition is typically identified during childhood and can vary in severity. The causes of intellectual disability can be diverse, including genetic factors, prenatal exposure to harmful substances, or complications during birth. Early intervention and support can help individuals develop skills and improve their quality of life, enabling them to participate more fully in their communities.