Mental competency refers to an individual's ability to understand and make informed decisions regarding their personal affairs. This includes the capacity to comprehend information, appreciate the consequences of choices, and communicate preferences. Mental competency is often assessed in legal contexts, such as when determining a person's ability to create a will or enter into contracts. Factors influencing mental competency include cognitive abilities, emotional stability, and the presence of mental health conditions. Professionals, such as psychologists or psychiatrists, may evaluate competency through standardized tests and interviews. In some cases, individuals may be deemed partially competent, allowing them to make certain decisions while requiring assistance in others.