Mendelian Randomization is a research method that uses genetic variants as tools to determine the causal effects of a risk factor on an outcome. By leveraging the random assortment of genes during reproduction, researchers can minimize confounding factors and biases that often affect observational studies. This approach helps clarify whether a specific exposure, like smoking or diet, truly influences health outcomes, such as heart disease. The technique relies on the principle that if a genetic variant is associated with a risk factor, and that risk factor is linked to an outcome, then the genetic variant can provide insights into causality. This method is particularly useful in epidemiology and public health research, as it can inform interventions and policy decisions.