Memory encoding is the process by which our brains convert information into a format that can be stored and later retrieved. This involves taking sensory input, such as sights and sounds, and transforming it into a mental representation. For example, when you learn a new fact about history, your brain encodes that information so you can remember it later. There are different types of memory encoding, including visual encoding, which involves images, and acoustic encoding, which focuses on sounds. The effectiveness of encoding can be influenced by factors like attention and emotional connection, making some memories easier to recall than others.