Medullary carcinoma is a type of cancer that originates in the medullary tissue of certain organs, most commonly the thyroid gland. It is classified as a neuroendocrine tumor and can be sporadic or hereditary, often associated with genetic syndromes like Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN). This cancer can produce hormones, leading to various symptoms. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies, depending on the stage and spread of the disease. Early detection is crucial for improving outcomes in patients with medullary carcinoma.