Medieval dynasties were powerful families that ruled over kingdoms and territories during the Middle Ages, roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century. These dynasties often maintained their power through hereditary succession, where leadership was passed down from parent to child. Notable examples include the Capetian Dynasty in France and the Plantagenet Dynasty in England. These dynasties played a crucial role in shaping the political landscape of Europe. They engaged in alliances, wars, and marriages to expand their influence. The Habsburg Dynasty is another significant example, known for its vast territories and connections across Europe, particularly through strategic marriages.