Medieval towns emerged in Europe during the Middle Ages, roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century. These towns were often built near castles or along trade routes, providing safety and access to markets. They featured narrow streets, wooden houses, and a central marketplace where goods were exchanged. Trade and craftsmanship flourished in medieval towns, leading to the rise of guilds, which were associations of artisans and merchants. Towns were also centers of governance, with local laws and a town council. Notable examples of medieval towns include Carcassonne in France and York in England.