Medieval monarchs were rulers who governed during the Middle Ages, roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century. They held significant power over their kingdoms, often claiming divine right to rule. Monarchs like Charlemagne and Richard the Lionheart played crucial roles in shaping European history through wars, alliances, and the establishment of laws. These kings and queens often relied on a feudal system, where land was exchanged for loyalty and military service. Nobles, knights, and peasants all had specific roles within this hierarchy. The influence of the Church, particularly the Catholic Church, also shaped the authority and legitimacy of medieval monarchs.