Medieval fortifications were structures built to protect towns and castles from attacks. These defenses included thick stone walls, tall towers, and deep moats filled with water. The walls were often reinforced with battlements, allowing archers to shoot at enemies while remaining safe behind the wall. Famous examples of these fortifications can be seen in castles like Edinburgh Castle and Carcassonne. In addition to walls, medieval fortifications featured gates and drawbridges that could be raised or lowered to control access. Some castles also had secret passages for escape during sieges. Overall, these structures played a crucial role in the safety and security of medieval communities.