Medication adherence refers to the extent to which patients follow their prescribed treatment plans, including taking medications as directed. It is crucial for achieving the desired health outcomes, as inconsistent use can lead to treatment failure, worsening of conditions, and increased healthcare costs. Factors influencing adherence include understanding the medication regimen, side effects, and the complexity of the treatment. Improving medication adherence can involve strategies such as simplifying medication schedules, using reminders, and providing education about the importance of following prescriptions. Healthcare providers, including doctors and pharmacists, play a vital role in supporting patients to enhance their adherence and overall health.