Medical discoveries refer to breakthroughs in understanding diseases, treatments, and the human body. These discoveries can lead to new medications, surgical techniques, or diagnostic tools that improve patient care. For example, the discovery of penicillin revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections, saving countless lives. Another significant medical discovery is the development of vaccines, which help prevent infectious diseases. The work of scientists like Louis Pasteur and Edward Jenner laid the foundation for immunization, leading to the eradication of diseases such as smallpox. These advancements continue to shape modern medicine and public health.