Measurement errors refer to the differences between the actual value of a quantity and the value obtained through measurement. These errors can arise from various sources, including instrument limitations, environmental conditions, and human mistakes. Understanding these errors is crucial for improving the accuracy and reliability of measurements in fields like science, engineering, and medicine. There are two main types of measurement errors: systematic errors and random errors. Systematic errors are consistent and repeatable, often caused by faulty equipment or calibration issues. In contrast, random errors vary unpredictably and can result from factors like fluctuations in the environment or human judgment. Identifying and minimizing these errors is essential for obtaining precise measurements.