The "Maxims of Ptahhotep" is an ancient Egyptian text attributed to Ptahhotep, a vizier during the Fifth Dynasty. Composed around 2350 BCE, it serves as a guide to ethical behavior and proper conduct in society. The work is one of the oldest pieces of wisdom literature, emphasizing values such as humility, respect, and the importance of listening. The text is structured as a series of maxims or proverbs, offering practical advice for personal and professional relationships. It reflects the social norms and moral principles of ancient Egyptian culture, aiming to educate individuals on how to lead a virtuous and successful life.