"Matylda the Queen" refers to Matilda of England, a significant historical figure born in 1102. She was the daughter of Henry I of England and became the first female ruler of England in her own right. Matilda's claim to the throne led to a civil war known as the Anarchy, which lasted from 1135 to 1154, as she fought against her cousin, Stephen of Blois, for control of the kingdom. Matilda was well-educated and skilled in governance, often taking on roles typically reserved for men during her time. Despite her challenges, she played a crucial role in shaping the future of the English monarchy, ultimately leading to the rise of her son, Henry II, who established the Plantagenet dynasty.