Matrix Theory is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the study of matrices, which are rectangular arrays of numbers or symbols. It explores operations such as addition, multiplication, and finding determinants and inverses. Matrices are essential in various fields, including computer science, physics, and engineering, as they can represent systems of linear equations and transformations in space. In addition to basic operations, Matrix Theory delves into concepts like eigenvalues and eigenvectors, which help in understanding the properties of linear transformations. Applications of Matrix Theory can be found in areas such as machine learning, quantum mechanics, and graph theory, making it a vital tool in both theoretical and applied mathematics.