A Matrioshka Brain is a theoretical concept in which a superintelligent civilization constructs a series of nested Dyson spheres around a star. Each layer of the sphere contains advanced computational systems that operate at increasingly higher levels of efficiency and intelligence. This design allows for immense processing power, potentially enabling the civilization to solve complex problems and simulate entire universes. The name is inspired by Matryoshka dolls, which are Russian nesting dolls that fit inside one another. The idea of a Matrioshka Brain is often discussed in the context of artificial intelligence and the future of technological development, highlighting the potential for vast computational resources.