Mathematical operators are symbols that represent specific mathematical operations. Common operators include addition +, subtraction −, multiplication ×, and division ÷. These operators are used to perform calculations and manipulate numbers in various mathematical expressions and equations. In addition to basic operators, there are also more advanced ones, such as exponentiation ^ and modulus mod. Each operator has its own rules and properties, which help determine the order of operations when solving complex problems. Understanding these operators is essential for performing arithmetic and algebraic calculations effectively.