Mathematical modelling is the process of creating mathematical representations of real-world situations to analyze and predict outcomes. It involves identifying key variables and relationships, allowing researchers and decision-makers to understand complex systems, such as weather patterns, economic trends, or biological processes. These models can take various forms, including equations, graphs, or simulations. By simplifying reality, mathematical modelling helps in making informed decisions, optimizing processes, and solving problems across diverse fields like engineering, finance, and environmental science.