Mathematical Astronomy is a branch of astronomy that uses mathematical techniques to understand celestial phenomena. It involves the application of mathematical models and calculations to predict the positions and movements of celestial bodies, such as planets, stars, and moons. This field is essential for navigation, satellite deployment, and understanding the dynamics of the universe. Historically, figures like Isaac Newton and Johannes Kepler made significant contributions to Mathematical Astronomy. Newton's laws of motion and universal gravitation provided a framework for understanding how objects in space interact, while Kepler's laws of planetary motion described the orbits of planets around the Sun.