Mastoid surgery, also known as mastoidectomy, is a procedure that involves removing infected or damaged tissue from the mastoid bone, which is located behind the ear. This surgery is often performed to treat chronic ear infections or complications from otitis media, an infection of the middle ear. The goal is to clear the infection and prevent further issues. During the surgery, a surgeon makes an incision behind the ear to access the mastoid bone. They may remove infected air cells and drain any fluid present. Recovery typically involves monitoring for complications and managing pain, with most patients returning to normal activities within a few weeks.