Mass Transfer Operations refer to processes that involve the movement of mass from one phase to another, such as from liquid to gas or solid to liquid. These operations are essential in various industries, including chemical engineering, environmental engineering, and food processing. Common examples include distillation, absorption, and extraction, where components are separated based on their physical and chemical properties. The efficiency of mass transfer operations is influenced by factors like temperature, pressure, and concentration gradients. Understanding these factors helps engineers design systems that optimize the separation and purification of substances, ensuring high-quality products and minimizing waste.