Mary of Scotland, also known as Mary Stuart, was born in 1542 and became Queen of Scotland when she was just six days old. She was the daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise. Her reign was marked by political turmoil and religious conflict, as Scotland was divided between Catholics and Protestants. In 1567, Mary was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of her son, James VI of Scotland, due to pressure from Protestant nobles. After seeking refuge in England, she was imprisoned by her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I, for 19 years before being executed in 1587.