Mary Stuart, also known as Mary, Queen of Scots, was born in 1542 and became queen when she was just six days old. She was the daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise. Her reign was marked by political turmoil and conflict, particularly with Elizabeth I of England, her cousin. Mary's life was filled with challenges, including her forced abdication in 1567. After seeking refuge in England, she was imprisoned for 19 years due to fears that she would claim the English throne. Ultimately, she was executed in 1587, becoming a symbol of the struggle for power between Catholics and Protestants.