The Marquess of Pombal, born Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo in 1699, was a prominent Portuguese statesman and reformer. He is best known for his role in the reconstruction of Lisbon after the devastating earthquake of 1755. His efforts included modernizing the city’s infrastructure and implementing new urban planning strategies. As a key figure in the Enlightenment movement in Portugal, the Marquess of Pombal promoted education, commerce, and industry. He also worked to reduce the power of the Jesuits and strengthen the authority of the monarchy. His policies significantly shaped modern Portugal during the 18th century.