Map projections are methods used to represent the curved surface of the Earth on a flat map. Since the Earth is a sphere, projecting it onto a two-dimensional surface inevitably distorts some aspects, such as area, shape, distance, or direction. Different projections serve various purposes, depending on what information is most important for the map's use. Common types of map projections include the Mercator projection, which preserves angles but distorts size, and the Robinson projection, which aims for a more visually appealing balance of size and shape. Understanding these projections helps users interpret maps accurately and choose the right one for their needs.