Manual tillage is the process of preparing soil for planting crops using hand tools rather than machinery. This method often involves using tools like hoes, shovels, and rakes to break up the soil, remove weeds, and create a suitable seedbed. Manual tillage is commonly practiced in small-scale farming and gardening. This technique allows for greater control over the soil structure and can be more environmentally friendly. It helps improve soil aeration and water retention, which are essential for healthy plant growth. Manual tillage is also a cost-effective option for those without access to heavy farming equipment.