Maharaja Jai Singh II was a prominent ruler of the Kachwaha clan in Rajasthan, India, who reigned from 1688 to 1743. He is best known for founding the city of Jaipur in 1727, which was designed according to principles of urban planning and architecture. Jai Singh II was also a patron of the arts and sciences, contributing to the cultural development of his kingdom. In addition to his architectural achievements, Jai Singh II was an accomplished astronomer. He built several observatories, known as Jantar Mantar, in cities like Jaipur and Delhi, where he studied celestial bodies and made significant contributions to astronomy. His legacy continues to influence Indian culture and history.