The Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) is a small territory located on the southern coast of China, near the Pearl River Delta. It was a former Portuguese colony, handed back to China in 1999. Macau is known for its vibrant culture, blending Chinese and Portuguese influences, and is famous for its casinos and tourism industry. Macau covers an area of about 32.9 square kilometers and has a population of approximately 700,000 people. The region operates under the "one country, two systems" principle, allowing it to maintain a separate legal and economic system from mainland China. Its economy is heavily reliant on gaming and tourism, making it one of the richest regions in the world.