Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare lung disease that primarily affects women, particularly those of childbearing age. It is characterized by the abnormal growth of smooth muscle cells in the lungs, leading to the formation of cysts and progressive lung damage. Symptoms often include shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain. The exact cause of LAM is not fully understood, but it is associated with mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, which are linked to tuberous sclerosis complex. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like CT scans and lung function tests, while treatment options may include medications and, in severe cases, lung transplantation.