Lunar topography refers to the physical features and landscape of the Moon. It includes various formations such as craters, mountains, valleys, and plains. The surface is marked by impact craters from asteroids and comets, which vary in size and age. The Maria, large dark basaltic plains, are prominent features formed by ancient volcanic activity. The Moon's topography is shaped by geological processes and impacts over billions of years. The highest points are the Lunar Highlands, while the lowest areas are the Maria. Understanding lunar topography helps scientists learn about the Moon's history and its formation within the Solar System.