A lunar lander is a spacecraft designed to land on the surface of the Moon. It is equipped with technology to safely descend and touch down, often carrying scientific instruments and equipment for exploration. Lunar landers are crucial for missions that aim to study the Moon's surface and gather data for future exploration. These landers can operate autonomously or be controlled from Earth. Notable examples include the Apollo Lunar Module, which successfully landed astronauts on the Moon during the Apollo program, and more recent missions like Chandrayaan-2 and Lunar Gateway, which aim to enhance our understanding of lunar geology and resources.