Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, also known as Napoleon III, was born on April 20, 1808, in Paris, France. He was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, the famous French military leader and emperor. Louis Napoleon became the first President of France in 1848 and later declared himself Emperor in 1852, ruling until 1870. His reign is noted for modernization efforts and significant infrastructure projects. During his time in power, Louis Napoleon focused on expanding the French economy and improving the country's transportation systems. He also engaged in foreign policy initiatives, including military campaigns in Mexico and Italy. His rule ended after France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, leading to his exile.