The title "Lord Protector of England" was used during the 16th and 17th centuries, primarily associated with the period of the English Civil War. The role was established to govern the country in the absence of a monarch, often during times of political instability or when a king was too young to rule. One of the most notable figures to hold this title was Oliver Cromwell, who served as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658. Under his leadership, England experienced significant political and social changes, including the establishment of a republican government and the promotion of Puritan values.