Logical systems are structured frameworks used to analyze and evaluate reasoning. They consist of a set of symbols, rules, and principles that help in deriving conclusions from premises. Common examples include propositional logic and predicate logic, which provide tools for formal reasoning in mathematics and computer science. These systems aim to ensure that arguments are valid and sound, meaning that if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true. Logical systems are foundational in various fields, including philosophy, mathematics, and artificial intelligence, where clear reasoning is essential for problem-solving and decision-making.