Logical operations are fundamental processes used in mathematics and computer science to manipulate true or false values, known as Boolean values. The primary logical operations include AND, OR, and NOT. These operations help in decision-making by combining or negating conditions to produce a result. In an AND operation, the result is true only if both conditions are true. The OR operation yields true if at least one condition is true. The NOT operation reverses the truth value of a condition. These operations are essential in programming, digital circuits, and various algorithms.